April 26, 2024
Echoes of Bread, Wine, and the Dawn of The New Covenant
Embark with me on an intimate passage through time as we explore the Last Supper's transformative impact on Passover's story. During this episode, we'll share how Jesus, in one of history's most tender and subversive acts, washed his disciples' feet, redefining servitude with humility and love. Feel the tension of that upper room in Jerusalem, as I recount personal reflections from my visit, bringing to life the cultural and traditional nuances of the time. We'll witness Jesus' establishment of a new covenant with the poignant symbols of bread and wine, forever altering our approach to communion and the promise of ultimate victory.
As we navigate the layers of meaning woven into this sacred narrative, we unravel the role of John the Baptist, the significance of the tribes of Israel, and the resonating power of the "Who Knows One?" liturgy. Together, we'll contemplate the deep symbolism inherent in the Passover tradition and how it points to a new covenant accessible to all, through Jesus Christ. The profound anticipation of a victory yet to come is epitomized by Jesus' abstinence from the final cup, leaving us with a sense of eternal hope. Join me for a moving journey that not only enriches our faith but also connects us more deeply with the enduring hope found in Christ's message.
Chapters
00:08 - The Last Supper
11:19 - The Last Supper and Covenant Symbolism
19:47 - Symbolism and Meaning in Biblical Tradition
Transcript
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Welcome to our Ancient Future Story, navigating Scripture Through the Eyes of Family, where I share with you biblical stories like a family member would share a story around the dinner table.
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As children of God, we are a part of God's family and his family story has a lot of history.
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Each week we will take one story and talk about it the cultural, historical, geographical and sociological impacts.
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We will be looking at the story from the perspective of our ancestors, through the lens and ancient times, in hopes of learning more about our family.
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This is our Ancient Futures Story.
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Welcome back to our Ancient Futures Story.
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I'm Vic and I am so excited to share with you how Jesus flipped the script of Passover.
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We learned last time that Passover is a celebration and remembrance of the mighty acts of Yahweh in Egypt, but as Christ followers, we can also look back at Passover and remember the Last Supper and the mighty works of Jesus on the cross.
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In today's episode, I want to show you how Jesus flipped the script at the Last Supper with his disciples and what it means for us as we take communion.
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So grab your cup of coffee or something to drink and let's get ready to dive into the story of the Last Supper with Jesus.
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Our story today opens with the disciples asking Jesus where should we prepare the Passover?
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And Jesus sent two of his disciples into town, ie Jerusalem, and told them a man carrying a jug would meet them and they were to follow him, enter the house he enters and tell the master of that house.
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Rabbi wants to know if we can use your guest room to prepare for Passover with his disciples, and the master of the house will show you the large upper room that is fully furnished and ready.
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So the disciples did what Jesus told them and they found the man and the house exactly as he had told them.
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And they prepared the Passover.
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And when evening came, they gathered together in the upper room and were reclining at the table.
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They lit the candles and sang the blessing.
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They then talked about the patriarchs and the matriarchs and all those who came before them as they put themselves in the mindset of being enslaved in Egypt.
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They then blessed and poured the first cup.
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They may have even read or recited Psalms 23 to remind them of their cup being overflown.
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Historical fun fact the phrase cup overflows is a Jewish idiom to mean never runs out.
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If you were to have a meal with a Jewish person.
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Every time you took a sip of your drink, they would refill it and they would not let it go down until the meal was winding down.
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This is what my cup overflows means.
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So when they are reciting David's psalm to remind them that God is constantly refilling them, then they would have washed their hands.
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But this is the first place where Jesus changes the script.
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Instead of going around the table and having each person dipping their hands into but this is the first place where Jesus changes the script.
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Instead of going around the table and having each person dipping their hands into the water basin, jesus stands up, takes off his outer garment, wraps a towel around his waist, he pours the water into a basin and began to wash the disciples' feet and dry them with the towel that was around his waist.
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He came to Peter and Peter said Master, do not wash my feet.
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But Jesus said I have to or else you will have no part of me.
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Then Peter said Well, then don't just wash my feet, but my whole body also.
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Jesus said the one who has bathed does not need to be washed, except for their feet, because they are clean.
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You are clean, peter, but not everyone is clean.
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Then Jesus stood up, put back on his outer garment and took his seat back at the table.
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And he then tells his disciples why he must wash their feet.
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He tells them you call me rabbi and master, and rightly so, because I am.
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But if I have taken the place of a servant and washed your feet, so should you wash each other's feet?
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I have given you the examples so that you should go and do the same.
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After saying this, he blessed the bitter herbs and dipped them into the salt water to remember the tears and the bitterness of Egypt.
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But Jesus was troubled in the spirit and said one of you will betray me.
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And the disciples looked around at one another and asked is I lord?
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Peter then motioned to john, who was reclining next to jesus, to ask him who would betray him.
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So john leans over and asked who is it lord?
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And jesus answered he who has dipped his hand in the dish with me will betray me.
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Judas iscariot's hand was in the dish with me will betray me.
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Judas Iscariot's hand was in the dish with Jesus and he looked at Jesus and asked is it I Rabbi?
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Okay, pause.
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Isn't it interesting that Peter and John and others sitting around the table called Jesus Master or Lord, but Judas Iscariot calls him Teacher or Rabbi.
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Judas never made Jesus the master of his life.
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Jesus was only a good teacher to him.
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Jesus tells Judas what you are going to do, go do it quickly Now.
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No one at the table knew why he had said this to him.
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Some thought Jesus had told him to get what they needed for the feast, while others thought he was going to give some money to the poor.
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But we know that Judas got up and left the upper room to go turn in Jesus to the priest for 30 pieces of silver.
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In the middle of the table there were three pieces of unleavened bread called matzah, and after Judas left, jesus pulled out the middle piece of the unleavened bread from the stack and he held it up and he blessed it and he he broke it and he changed the script again.
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He said this is my body which is broken for you.
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Do this in remembrance of me.
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And just as it was custom, he put half of the broken matzah piece into the afikoman and hid it in the upper room.
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Then the disciples asked the four questions that usually children ask at Passover to remember the story of the Exodus.
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Why, on this night, do we only eat matzah?
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Why, on this night, do we eat only bitter herbs?
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Why, on this night do we dip them twice?
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Why, on this night, do we eat only reclining on pillows?
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And then they read the Passover story from Exodus 12 together.
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Then it's time to pour the second cup.
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This cup is the cup of plagues.
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And as they pour this cup, they remember the 10 plagues that came on Egypt and how Yahweh took down the Egyptian gods.
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Then they sing the liturgy Deinu, which means it would have been enough, and they remember how God protected them every step of the way, from slavery to freedom, from egypt to the promised land.
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And after each part of the story they say day anew, it would have been enough.
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Then they remembered the passover lamb and the sacrifice it gave to put the blood on the doorpost and mark their homes so that the angel of death would pass over them and they would not lose the firstborns of their homes, so that the angel of death would pass over them and they would not lose the firstborns of their house.
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Then they partook for the second time in eating bitter herbs, this time blessing it and dipping it in horseradish to remember the torment of Egypt.
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And then they blessed and dipped the bitter herbs into the cheriset, which is a sweet clay-like texture to remind them of the clay bricks they were forced to make in slavery.
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Then they take the egg off the Seder plate and pause and mourn the destruction of the temple.
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It is a moment to remind them that what is missing in the world and from their spiritual lives.
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Then they will eat the Passover meal, the lamb with the bitter herbs and the unleavened bread.
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After the meal it is time to find the afikomen.
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When they find it, they bless it and eat it.
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Then Jesus pours the third cup.
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He blesses it and then he changes the script again.
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He said this is the blood of my covenant which is poured out, for many Do this in remembrance of me.
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The disciples then would have turned their attention to the empty place sitting at the table.
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This place setting was for the prophet Elijah.
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At this point one of the disciples likely stood up and opened the door to the upper room for Elijah to enter in.
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And remember the words of Malachi that one day God would send Elijah the prophet, back to earth to make a way for the Messiah.
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One day God would send Elijah, the prophet, back to earth to make a way for the Messiah.
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But until then, jews wait expectantly for Elijah to return because they believe it would signal the arrival of the Messiah.
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Okay, side note, as I'm recording this, it's occurring to me that at this point at least, some of the disciples have professed Jesus as the Messiah.
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So it's interesting to think about them opening the door for, and leaving a place setting for Elijah when the Messiah is already sitting among them.
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I don't know if that is something they did, but it is interesting to think about having the Messiah among them, yet still opening the door for Elijah.
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Then they would recite who Knows One?
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Which has a similar vibe to our 12 Days of Christmas?
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But it tells their story.
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They start at who Knows One which has a similar vibe to our 12 Days of Christmas, but it tells their story.
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They start at who Knows One and they work their way up to who Knows Twelve.
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Who knows twelve?
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I know twelve.
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Twelve are the tribes of Israel.
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Eleven are the stars of Joseph's dream.
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Ten are the commandments.
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Nine are the months of childbirth.
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Eight are the days of circumcision.
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Seven are the days of the week.
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Seven are the days of the week.
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Six are the sections of the Mishnah.
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Five are books of Torah, four are the matriarchs.
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Three are the patriarchs.
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Two are the tablets of the law.
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One is our God in heaven and earth.
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Then they would bless and pour the fourth cup, except Jesus does not partake in this cup.
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In fact, he says he will not drink of this cup until we are with him in his Father's kingdom.
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Then they sung the hymn from Psalms 118.
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O, give thanks to the Lord, for he is good.
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His steadfast love endures forever.
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And when they had finished singing the hymn, they got up from the table and headed to the Mount of Olives, to the place called Gethsemane.
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And that is where our story ends for today.
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Jesus celebrating the Passover with his disciples, just like they had done at least twice before.
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But all of them had done their entire lives.
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But this time Jesus made it personal.
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He knew what was about to happen to him in the coming hours and he wanted to warn them, encourage them and inspire them to hold on, because, just as he knew he would die for the sins of the world, he knew he would come back to life, offering freedom and love to them and to us today.
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If you grew up in church, you have probably heard these stories many, many times, because these stories are told every time we take communion, and even if you didn't grow up in church, you probably heard this story or part of this story during Holy Week or on Easter Sunday.
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But I want to point out some things that will help shape the context of the story for us.
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The first location things that will help shape the context of the story for us.
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The first location Our story takes place in Jerusalem in roughly 33 AD, in the upper room or guest room of a man's house.
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Isn't it interesting that there is no room for Jesus in the guest room in Bethlehem the night he is born, but there is room for Jesus in the guest room right before he dies.
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Anyway, this room is still accessible in Jerusalem today and is visited by Christians in remembrance of the Last Supper and Pentecost.
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I have stood in this room and it is massive, solid stone walls and incredibly high ceilings.
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This room now has arches in it, but those would have been added since the time of Jesus and his disciples.
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But had we been there when Jesus was reclining at this table, we would have seen a U-shaped table low to the ground with pillows surrounding it and the disciples leaning to the left.
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Jesus would have been sitting at the end of the table in the seat of the guest of honor, while Peter would have been sitting across from him on the other end of the U-shape in the seat of the servant, because he was helping prepare and serve the meal.
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Now, this may be a peculiar sight, but it's important for us to know that they were sitting on pillows because their ancestors were to partake in Passover in haste, as if they were going to leave Egypt as soon as possible.
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And they are reclining to the left because the left side is unclean.
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In this culture, the left hand was used for unclean things, like using the bathroom, whereas the right hand was used for clean things like eating.
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So they lean to the left around the table, so we get this picture of them reclining.
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The first thing Jesus does to change the script was to get up and take the place of a servant and wash his disciples' feet.
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In this culture, it was custom for the servant of the house, or the one who was serving the meal, to wash the feet of the guests as they arrived.
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Remember, in first century Israel they walked everywhere, and Israel is full of dusty roads and muddy terrain and for sanitary purposes and for hospitality purposes.
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When a guest walked into a house, the servant of the master would wash the feet of the guest.
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On this night, peter was the one sitting in the servant's chair and Jesus was sitting to the seat of the guest of honor.
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I think it is interesting that Peter did not wash everyone's feet when they came into the upper room, as was custom.
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So Jesus, the master, the guest of honor, stands up, takes off his outer garments, wraps the towel around his waist and washes the disciples' feet.
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And who is the one that refuses him to wash his feet?
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Peter, the very one whose job it was to wash the feet of the disciples.
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Peter knew that Jesus was taking his place as the servant and Peter was hesitant to let Jesus wash his feet.
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But Jesus told Peter he must wash his feet or else Peter can have no part in him.
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Jesus tells all of his disciples the reason he did this was to show them all how they are supposed to live.
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They are supposed to be servants, even if they are the most important or powerful person at the table.
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They are to lead like servants through inexplainable love.
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And it is by this that the world will know that you are his disciple.
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After this, jesus gets the matzah and he takes it out of the middle of the three-stack pile.
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This pile is usually understood to mean God, the Father, jesus, the Son and the Holy Spirit.
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So when Jesus pulls out the middle piece and says this is my body, he is pulling himself out of the pile and then he breaks it and then they hide it.
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This is symbolic of the body being beaten, bruised and buried.
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Jesus then gives some to his disciples to eat and then, after the meal, when they look for and find the afikomen, it is symbolic of his body being resurrected.
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The next thing I want to talk about is the cup of redemption.
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This is the third cup and it is received after the Passover meal.
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The first thing we need to know about redemption is that it was originally a secular term and redemption in the secular world meant to buy back.
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This usually applied to land, but could also be a person.
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But it was understood that to redeem something or someone, one must put their own resources on the line, their own life on the line and claim it as their own.
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Even though this was a secular term, it was adopted into a religious term to explain how God redeems humanity.
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God puts his own resources on the line, he gives his own life for us and he claims us as his own.
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And I love what Sandra Richter says in her series Epic of Eden Jesus will redeem us no matter where we find ourselves In unfortunate circumstances, captured by the enemy or stuck in our own stupid decisions.
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So this is what the cup is about Redeeming the people of Israel out of Egypt.
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But Jesus flips the script.
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He says 8.
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When Moses seals the old covenant with blood, he sprinkles some of the blood against the altar and then he throws the blood on the people standing around it as a sign for them to remember the covenant they had made with Yahweh.
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Then Moses said Behold the blood of the covenant that the Lord has made with you.
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In accordance with all of these words, the blood is what seals the covenant between God and man at Mount Sinai.
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But here Jesus is saying this cup, this covenant, this time the blood will be mine that is spilled as a way to seal the new covenant between God and man.
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And every time you take of this cup, it is a sign for you of the covenant we have made.
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The second thing the disciples would have thought about is the marriage covenant.
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Whenever a groom was to be married, at the time of his engagement he would offer his bride-to-be a cup of wine and would say this is the blood of my covenant.
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And if the bride-to-be agrees to marry him, she would drink from the cup and it would seal the covenant between them, the promise to be married.
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So when Jesus says this is the blood of my covenant to his disciples, when they drink from this cup, they are agreeing to the covenant that he has made with them.
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Likewise, when we partake in communion, we hear these words and when we drink from the cup, we are agreeing to this covenant between Yahweh and us.
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The next thing in the Seder meal is to open the door for Elijah.
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Now, this may seem weird to us, but it is actually the very hope of a Jewish person that Yahweh would finally send the Messiah, and they believe the first sign of the Messiah will be the return of Elijah.
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So who is Elijah?
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Elijah is a prophet who lived during the time of King Ahab.
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He is famous because he did not die.
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Instead, he was brought to heaven in a chariot of fire.
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2 Kings 2, 11-12 says and as they, elijah and his assistant Elisha went on and talked.
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Behold, chariots of fire and horses of fire separated the two of them and Elijah went up by a whirlwind into heaven.
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And Elisha saw it and he cried my father, my father, the chariots of Israel and its horsemen.
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And they saw him no more.
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Then we flip over to Malachi 4 and read the last words of a writing prophet.
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This is believed to be the last words of Yahweh ever spoken to his people.
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That was ever written down.
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So for a Jewish person these are the last words of Yahweh, so it's important and sacred to remember.
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And Malachi 4.5 says Behold, I will send you Elijah the prophet, before the great and awesome day of the Lord comes.
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So Jewish people believe that Elijah will mark the time of the Messiah's arrival.
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So they leave a place setting for him and they open the door for him because they are waiting expectantly for him to arrive.
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But Jesus also flips the script on this, because in Matthew 11, 10 through 11, and then 13 of 14, jesus tells his disciples this is he of whom it is written in Malachi 3, behold, I will send a messenger before your face who will prepare the way before you.
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Truly, I say to you, among those born of a woman, there has arisen, no one greater than John the Baptist, for all the prophets and the law prophesied until John, and if you are willing to accept it, he is Elijah who is to come.
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Jesus claims John the Baptist to be Elijah they are waiting for, and John himself proclaims that he is paving the way for the Messiah.
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The next thing they would have done is the who knows one liturgy, and again, this is another way to reiterate their story.
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But I think it's important for us to go through them and acknowledge the value and importance of each of these.
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So we'll start at 12 and move down to one.
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So who knows 12?
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12 is the tribes of Israel.
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The tribes of Israel are Reuben, simeon, levi, judah, dan, neptali, gad, asher, issachar, zebulun, joseph, whose two sons were Ephraim and Manasseh, and Benjamin.
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These are the sons of Israelrael.
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Who knows 11?
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11 are the stars of joseph's dream in genesis 37 9.
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Joseph, the son of jacob, who got the coat of many colors.
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His brothers hated him, partly because he was the favorite, but also because he was having these dreams of his brothers bowing down to him.
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The 11 stars were reflective of his 11 brothers who had bowed down to him while he was second in command in Egypt?
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Who knows ten?
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Ten are the commandments that would be the ten commandments of God that gives the people of Israel in the wilderness.
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You shall have no other gods before me.
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You shall have no idols.
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You shall not take the name of Yahweh in vain.
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You shall keep the Sabbath day.
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You shall not take the name of Yahweh in vain.
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You shall keep the Sabbath day.
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You shall honor your father and mother.
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You shall not murder, you shall not commit adultery, you shall not steal, you shall not bear false witness and you shall not covet.
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Who knows nine?
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Nine are the months of childbirth.
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This one we know.
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Who knows eight?
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Eight are the days of circumcision.
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They would circumcise on the eighth day because we now know from modern medicine that on the eighth day after a child is born blood begins to clot.
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So they circumcise on the eighth day to avoid hemorrhaging.
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Who knows seven?
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Seven are the days of the week.
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We also know this one.
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It's part of the Sabbath Work for six days, rest for the seventh day.
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Who knows six?
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Six are the sections of the Mishnah.
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The Mishnah was a collection of ancient Jewish commentary written by rabbis whose writings were considered sacred text, similar to the way Christians uphold the epistles as sacred text.
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Who knows five?
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Five are the books of Torah.
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This is the holy law of Israel.
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It is the first five books of our Bible Genesis, exodus, leviticus, numbers and Deuteronomy.
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Who knows four?
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Four are the matriarchs.
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These are the wives of the patriarchs, the founders of Israel Sarah, rebecca, rachel and Leah.
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Who knows three?
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